Author: Ady

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Understanding Ultimate Beneficial Owner (UBO) Verification

Ultimate Beneficial Owner verification

The Ultimate Beneficial Owner (UBO) is someone who owns or controls a business or owns a legal entity. Financial institutions are legally obligated to gather information on UBOs and the amount of risk that is associated with them. Financial businesses need to achieve regulatory compliance and enhance business security to handle risks that come along with UBOs.

Every jurisdiction is allowed to make up its own rules and regulations regarding UBO verification. Before onboarding a business, financial institutions need to verify business details, understand corporate structures, and verify UBO information.

Financial institutions need to verify UBO information to comply with Know Your Customer and Anti-Money Laundering Laws.

In this guide, we’ll be helping you learn UBO requirements and risks across the globe.

UBO Requirements EU

Financial institutions in the EU doing business with commercial entities have to verify UBOs. The AMLD4 regulation was the first-ever regulation that required businesses to verify UBO information. Member states in the EU are now passing new laws to push businesses on UBO verification.

Let’s take the example of Sweden. Swedish legislation requires businesses to report to the Swedish Companies Registration Office about UBOs.

Highlights of Swedish Legislation:

  • Swedish companies, companies that operate in Sweden, and people who administer trusts and other similar legal entities.
  • Defines a beneficial owner as anyone who controls the company directly or through agreements, or someone who has more than 25% ownership stake in the company.
  • Requires beneficial ownership change to be reported as soon as the entity is aware of the change.

While EU member states are allowed to come up with their legislation, they have to comply with 4AMLD. According to the 5th AML Directive, member states have to set up public registers for companies, trusts, and other legal entities. 

In the EU’s 6th AML Directive, there’s a build-up on the rule in AMLD 5. According to the rule, organizations working for these entities can be held criminally liable for not following the rules.

UBO Requirements U.S.A

USA’s FinCEN Customer Due Diligence final rule has a similar beneficial ownership disclosure.

Here’s what FinCEN’s rule guidance has to say “The CDD Rule outlines explicit customer due diligence requirements and imposes a new requirement for these financial institutions to identify and verify the identity of beneficial owners of legal entity customers, subject to certain exclusions and exemptions”.

According to FinCEN, financial institutions include:

  • Banks
  • Broker-dealers
  • Mutual funds
  • Futures commission merchants
  • Commodity brokers.

According to FinCEN, the Ultimate Beneficial Owner is someone who owns more than 25% or more of any business/legal entity. Or they can be someone who controls, or manage the entity in any way.

Corporate Transparency Act dictates that “US companies have to report UBO’s full name, DOB, current residence or business address, and identifying number from a passport, or driver’s license to the FinCEN”.

There’s no “in-effect from” date released by FinCEN.

International UBO Standards

Other countries also have agreements that require businesses to collect and share UBO information. In 2003, the FATF set beneficial ownership standards, and in 2012, 198 jurisdictions agreed to stronger FATF standards.

In 2014, the G20 Brisbane Summit emphasized the importance of Ultimate Beneficial Owner transparency and why financial institutions should focus on UBO verification.

The declaration states “Countries should ensure that competent authorities (including law enforcement and prosecutorial authorities, supervisory authorities, tax authorities, and financial intelligence units) have timely access to adequate, accurate, and current information regarding the beneficial ownership of legal persons”.

A 2016 FATF report stated that out of 20 G20 members, only 2 had made substantial efforts to set up UBO requirements. FATF promotes the use of technologies and procedures that speed the process and help businesses meet the requirements. 

Governments want to put tons of effort so they don’t seem lax when it comes to the war on corruption. Whether it is to collect more tax revenue, prevent terrorist financing, or prevent money laundering. More and more countries are setting up procedures to help businesses manage ownership due diligence.

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Link Analysis for Fraud Detection

link analysis for fraud detection

Link analysis is a powerful analytical technique that allows us to examine the relationships between entities or objects. In the context of fraud detection, link analysis can help us identify connections between individuals, transactions, and other data points that might indicate fraudulent behavior.

In this guide, we’ll explore what link analysis is, how it works, and how it can be used to spot fraud.

What is Link Analysis?

Link analysis is a type of data analysis. At its core, it focuses on the relationships between objects or entities. It is commonly used in law enforcement, intelligence analysis, and fraud detection.

In link analysis, data are represented as nodes (also known as vertices). The relationships between objects and entities are represented as edges. Nodes can represent anything from individuals to transactions to organizations, and edges represent the connections between them.

For example, in a network of financial transactions, nodes might represent bank accounts or credit card numbers, and edges might represent the transfers of money between them.

How Does Link Analysis Work?

Link analysis works by analyzing the patterns of connections between nodes in a network. Businesses and entities can rely on several methods to do link analysis, but the most preferred option is a graph database. 

In a graph database, data is represented as nodes and edges, just like in link analysis. However, graph databases have some additional features that make them particularly useful for link analysis.

One of these features is the ability to perform queries that traverse the edges of the graph. For example, we might want to find all the bank accounts that are connected to a particular credit card number, or all the transactions that involve a particular individual.

Another feature of graph databases is the ability to perform graph algorithms. These algorithms can be used to identify patterns in the data that might indicate fraud. For example, we might use an algorithm to identify clusters of nodes that are tightly connected, which might indicate a network of fraudulent activity.

How Can Link Analysis Help Spot Fraud?

Link analysis can be a powerful tool for fraud detection because it allows us to examine the relationships between data points. By identifying connections between individuals, transactions, and other data points, we can uncover patterns of behavior that might indicate fraud.

For example, suppose we are investigating a case of credit card fraud. Using link analysis, we might discover that several different credit card numbers are used to make purchases at the same set of stores. This might indicate that the fraudsters are using a “shopping list” of stores to target.

We might also discover that the credit card numbers are all being used from the same IP address, or that they are all linked to a particular bank account. These connections might further indicate that the fraudsters are working together and using a common set of resources.

Link analysis can also help us identify unusual or unexpected patterns of behavior. For example, suppose we are analyzing a set of financial transactions. By using link analysis, we might discover that a particular individual is involved in a large number of significantly larger transactions than their typical transactions. This might indicate that the individual is engaged in money laundering or other fraudulent activity.

Conclusion

Link analysis is a powerful tool for fraud detection because it allows us to examine the relationships between data points. By identifying connections between individuals, transactions, and other data points, we can uncover patterns of behavior that might indicate fraud. Link analysis can help us identify unusual or unexpected patterns of behavior, identify patterns of behavior over time, and identify networks of fraudulent activity. This can be especially useful in cases where the fraudsters are working together, as link analysis can help us uncover these networks and identify key players.

However, it’s important to note that link analysis is not a magic bullet for fraud detection. It requires skilled analysts who can interpret the data and identify meaningful patterns. In addition, link analysis is just one tool in the fraud detection toolkit – it should be used in combination with other techniques, such as data mining, machine learning, and traditional investigative methods.

Another potential limitation of link analysis is that it relies on the availability and quality of data. If the data is incomplete or inaccurate, link analysis may not be able to uncover meaningful patterns. It’s important to ensure that the data is accurate and up-to-date before performing link analysis.

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Making Great Customer Onboarding Experience

provide great customer onboarding experience

Even though we’re past the pandemic, its impact on digital experiences can’t be underestimated. It has changed how people access financial services. The digital revolution has increased the number of people who use a range of financial services across the globe.

It has significantly impacted how people send and receive money, borrow, and save. 

With a sudden shift in the way customers use the services, customer expectations have changed significantly as well. Compared to 10 years ago, Gen Z is now leading the Buy Now Pay Later industry.

These are the same consumers who are more than likely to see digital engagement as the industry standard and want a seamless customer onboarding experience for financial services.

What Consumers Expect from Customer Onboarding

According to a BAI report, “75% of millennials surveyed would switch banks for a better mobile experience.

Gen X on the other hand is looking to open more banking, saving, and loan accounts online. 

Salesforce also conducted a survey of what customers expect from financial services and found that 80% of customers consider user experience a part of the service that an institution provides. 

Around 30% of all customers abandon the onboarding process because it’s too long and complicated.

All the data points towards one thing. Financial institutions need to find a balance between seamless customer onboarding and simultaneously preventing fraud.

The best approach to providing great customer experience is to place identity at the center of customer experience. This can help brands build stronger relationships with customers based on trust.

Best Practices for Customer Onboarding

1. KYC in Financial Services

Know Your Customer is a series of checks every business has to do to verify a customer or entity’s identity. These KYC checks are done during customer onboarding and several moments during the customer lifecycle. 

Types of financial institutions that have to comply with KYC checks include:

  • Banking
  • Credit
  • Payments
  • Money Transfer
  • Cryptocurrency (Some jurisdictions).

Complying with regulations also helps in preventing financial crimes. It also helps businesses avoid many risks that come along with a failure to comply, including financial penalties, brand reputational damage, and more.

2. Building Trust and Reputation

Considering KYC checks and Identity checks as a service of your business makes good sense in this digital-first environment. 

To establish quality relationships with customers, businesses need to find the right balance between:

  • Personal identifiers
  • Identity documents
  • Behaviors and signals.

If a brand can successfully find the balance, it can instill greater confidence about its brand in a consumer’s mind right from the onboarding. 

For customers, well-designed KYC checks and ideal customer onboarding practices remove barriers and provide access to financial services. It has one more benefit as it removes the risk of fraudsters abusing the system.

3. Risk Assessment and Multi-Layered KYC Solutions

Taking a risk-based approach to KYC is a crucial part of ensuring customer onboarding meets the industry standards and prevents fraudsters from being able to access the service. 

A risk-based approach, including geography, finances, and other key demographics needs to be put in place.

Great customer onboarding solutions should have a built-in automated risk assessment. They show how much risk factors a customer has. The best KYC solutions for financial institutions are multi-layered, they combine risk management engines that search customer risk parameters.

4. Speed and Convenience Matter

Speed and convenience are as important as security when it comes to customer onboarding. Consumers don’t want to go through a customer experience that’s slow, clunky, and poor. 

To avoid customers abandoning the customer onboarding process, KYC in customer onboarding needs to be done in minutes. 

Quick KYC checks and good experience during customer onboarding help in building trust in a customer-business relationship.

5. Analyze and Adapt for Great Customer Onboarding

The best customer onboarding for financial services will aim to balance sign-up with compliance and risk management. To make the best customer onboarding solutions, businesses must provide analytics to improve the customer experience. 

Businesses need to know which OS, browsers, screen resolutions, and devices customers are using to sign up. Which part of the customer onboarding process is experiencing the highest number of drop-off rates? 

Businesses also need to focus on their customer onboarding conversion rate. How many prospects are automatically being accepted, rejected, or referred for review?

Identifying this data can create an improvement cycle that learns from mistakes, and continually evolves to enhance customer onboarding experience and conversion rates.

FAQs
1. What are KYC, CDD, and EDD?

KYC is know your customer, it covers a number of activities such as identifying and verifying a customer’s identity. Customer Due Diligence (CDD) verifies the identity of a customer and also assigns a risk profile to the customer. 

If a customer has a high-risk level, they have to go through enhanced due diligence (EDD).

2. When should businesses do KYC checks?

At a minimum, KYC checks should be done when onboarding a new customer. Ideally, businesses should do KYC checks when there are any changes to a customer’s situation. 

The most robust KYC is an ongoing risk assessment, and it may be a requirement for EDD.

3. Who is responsible for doing KYC checks?

Any financial institution that is trying to onboard customers is responsible for doing KYC checks. This could be any activity, such as:

* Opening a bank account
* Getting a loan
* Real estate purchase, or more.

The customer has to go through KYC checks to be able to access services.

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Vendor Fraud Practices and Prevention

vendor fraud practices

Businesses often overlook fraud red flags. In the long run, this leads to monetary and reputational losses. Vendor fraud has become highly prevalent across several industries. When vendor fraud happens, the culprit could be someone from your own team or someone you trusted. It could also be a fake vendor that wasn’t verified properly. 

Every business needs to make robust and reliable partnerships with vendors to thrive. Fraudsters often take advantage of this reliance on vendors to trick businesses into making wrong payments. 

Here are some of the most common types of vendor fraud, and how you can prevent them:

Common Vendor Fraud Types

1. Phony Vendors

One of the most common methods of vendor fraud is fake vendors pretending to be legit. Fake vendors try to get businesses to make payments for fake services. It can take a long time before companies uncover the fraud.

In some cases, even employees pose as fake vendors to exploit known weaknesses in payment systems. Employees can set up fake vendors, and make fake invoices to get payments in their accounts.

Common red flags to uncovering fake vendor fraud include:

  • Photoshopped invoices
  • Photocopied invoices
  • Companies with no real-address
  • Sequentially numbered invoices
  • Companies with addresses of post offices

Companies should train their employees to check for red flags in invoices raised by vendors. If there’s a specific vendor that raises invoices just below the sum that needs approval from higher-ups.

2. Fake Invoices with Real Vendors

Sometimes an employee from your business and an employee from the vendor’s team can collaborate to come up with a scam. Both members of the team can collude to trick the business into making wrongful payments. 

A vendor may submit fake invoices, and an employee at the purchasing department will make payment for the amount. The payment is made to a personal account and split between the two. 

This type of fraud becomes common when the supplier and business teams are in close contact. To prevent this kind of fraud businesses must do due diligence before they hire their employees.

3. Kickbacks

If your business performs contract work, then kickbacks are another type of vendor fraud you need to be wary of. The person who approves the contracts could be receiving kickbacks from their vendors. Common red flags for this kind of fraud include:

  • Fewer bids than expected/needed.
  • Widely ranging bids on the same project.
  • Sudden and unexplained deadline changes. 

Kickbacks also happen when you’re paying higher prices for low-quality products. Making cash payments to your employees is the hardest to detect as there’s no record of these payments in company books. But they are reflected in higher pricing from vendors. Even fraudulent vendors need to cover their costs. 

To minimize losses, companies should always look for consistent shortages, communications that happen informally between vendors and staff, and poor record keeping.

How to Effectively Identify Vendor Fraud?

The key to fighting vendor fraud is knowing where to look. If you don’t know where to look for it, you won’t be able to detect it. Here are some basic measures any company can take to prevent vendor fraud:

  • Check for the vendor’s pricing structure. If the prices look too good to be true, they’re probably scams. 
  • Don’t be lenient on any single invoice. Scrutinize every invoice submitted by the vendor or submitted on behalf of the vendor. If there are two same invoices with the same invoice numbers, it’s probably a fraud. 
  • Most companies follow their own invoice format. If the invoice was made using Microsoft Excel, it’s a red flag.
  • A vendor that doesn’t have a verifiable taxpayer identification number is most likely to be a fake vendor.
  • Do vendor onboarding checks? Run Vendor KYB checks, and background checks to see if they’re legit or if they have a history of fraud.
  • Any vendor with a P.O. box address is likely a fraud.

Tips for Vendor Fraud Prevention

Knowing how to look for vendor fraud is one thing, but it’s not enough to identify vendor fraud. What’s important is to prevent vendor fraud from happening. 

  1. Manage Vendors Effectively

Fraudsters keep evolving their methods of conducting fraud. When you’re fighting vendors, you need to come up with an effective vendor fraud management system. 

With an ideal vendor fraud management system in place, it will become easier to manage vendor risk. Ideal strategies can significantly reduce the risk of fraud.

  1. Audit Vendors Regularly

Keeping a track of vendors is essential. Even a trusted vendor can suddenly start doing fraud. Frequent vendor auditing can help you protect your business against huge financial losses caused by fraudulent schemes. 

  1. Multi-Level Payment Approval Process

Vendor fraud happens the most at businesses where there are just one or two employees handling vendor invoices. 

To prevent making fraudulent payments, vendor invoices should go through multiple processes from different departments. 

  1. Use Invoice Matching Technique

Invoice matching is pretty basic but it can reduce vendor fraud significantly. 

As the name suggests you have to match invoices submitted by vendors against internal records such as purchase orders, payment receipts, inspection slips, etc.

To ensure you achieve the best possible results, you have to match the invoice against multiple documents. 

  1. Don’t Make a Single Employee Manager

Sometimes, several employees work with each other to commit fraud. This is why businesses go such a long time without detecting fraud. Usually, its employees in the procurement and payments department conduct these kinds of fraud. 

The best way to manage risks and prevent fraudulent vendor payments is to keep rotating employees and moving them across different departments. This can ensure that no one employee has too much power.

  1. Thoroughly Verify Vendors

Vendor verification is a crucial part of the process. During vendor onboarding, you should verify the vendor’s business information. This includes vendor proof of address verification, vendor KYB checks, and vendor bank account verification.

Running through these checks simply means that you’re using vendors you can trust.

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3 Different Types of Fraud

types of fraud

Digital banking has opened up more means for fraudsters to trick financial institutions, lenders, or end customers. To keep up, businesses have transformed their operations to provide valuable digital banking experience to customers, and combat fraud.

Banks all over the world are now focusing on seamless onboarding experiences. However, this rapid growth in digital banking has also allowed fraudsters to become more creative. The numbers around digital banking fraud, ID theft, and data breaches are increasing rapidly.

In this blog, we’ll outline the common types of fraud, and how and why they’re changing. We’ll also be sharing ways lenders can protect themselves against evolving fraud. 

First off, let’s take a look at the common types of fraud:

What is First-Party Fraud?

First-Party fraud is when a person knowingly falsifies their identity or gives false information for financial or material gain. Common examples include exaggerating their income, fabricating their employment, or providing fake information to take advantage of some services.

Business often categorizes first-party fraud as credit loss and is written off as bad debt. This leads to issues in the long run for businesses trying to figure out how much they’ve lost. The data makes them able to make future lending decisions, and build fraud prevention practices:

Common types of first-party fraud include:

  • Fronting

Fronting is when businesses set up services in someone else’s name to save money. Kids applying for car insurance under their parent’s name to get cheaper insurance.

  • Address Fronting

Address fronting is when someone uses a different application to get a cheaper service. Someone could sign up for a service in a cheaper area, using a fake address instead of using the real address which costs more money.

  • Chargeback Fraud

Chargeback fraud is often called “friendly fraud”. This fraud happens when a user denies making a purchase on a credit or debit card to get a refund from the credit card provider.

  • De-Shopping

 It’s a type of fraud that users do when they buy clothes or other items with the intention of returning them after using them and getting a full refund.

  • Goods Lost in Transit Fraud

This is a type of fraud that’s increasing at an alarming pace. In this, customers order goods online and claim that they haven’t been delivered. Some buyers claim that the products have been damaged, or even return empty boxes to get a refund.

How is First-Party Fraud Changing?

The type of people that cause first-party fraud has changed significantly during the pandemic. During the pandemic, customers with excellent credit scores and a good repayment history found themselves struggling financially.

According to a report by CIFAS, 1 out of 13 Brits admitted to committing one instance of first-party fraud last year.

What is Second-Party Fraud?

Second-party fraud is when an individual shares their identity or personal information with someone else to commit fraud. The biggest example of second-party fraud includes money mulling.

In money mulling, an individual provides access to someone else to move money in or out of their accounts for a small fee. While a lot of people consider this a victimless crime, it can have some victims. If the money being moved is used to fund violent crimes, terrorism, or drugs, it can be victim-related.

How is Second Party Fraud Changing?

More than often, young people have been the target of second-party fraud. Fraudsters love to use social media to target young people. The trend has changed as more and more older people are involved. As with first-party fraud, the pandemic has pushed more people into financial problems. This makes them more vulnerable to fraudsters.

What is Third-Party Fraud?

Third-party fraud in general is known as identity theft. Fraudsters steal the user’s identity or personal details and use them without the user’s consent. It also includes manufactured identities called synthetic identities. 

There’s a clear victim when it comes to third-party fraud. To a trained eye, it can be easy to spot instances of fraud. It also includes manufactured identities, with the fraudster creating a new identity using stolen and false information.

Third-party fraud is the most common type of fraud that happens throughout the globe. 

How is Third-Party Fraud Changing?

Fraud varies significantly across the lender’s portfolios and the type of products they offer. According to reports, third-party fraud is at risk of growing for current accounts, loans, cards, and savings. Mortgages and asset finance are at an increased risk of first-party fraud.

Combating fraud is challenging, but with technologies like online document verification, online bank verification, or online proof of address verification services can help.

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Fraud Risk Management Practices

best fraud risk management practices

According to a report by ACFE, organizations lose about 5% of their annual revenue to fraud annually. This is because businesses don’t focus much on common fraud risk management practices. This leads to companies not being able to protect themselves against fraud, and meet bottom-line compliance requirements.

As more and more financial institutions are required to bear the burden of compliance, they need to know the appropriate methods of risk management.

These risk management frameworks help businesses to identify and respond to fraud. Being able to assess risk early on helps them protect organizations against common fraud types. Businesses can implement fraud risk management practices and gain an advantage over their competition.

Benefits of Fraud Risk Management Practices

Financial institutions that implement basic and advanced fraud risk management practices tend to reap additional benefits.

The most common benefits include the following:

  • Reduced financial losses due to fraud. 
  • Reduced costs of responding to fraud.
  • Better compliance with local and global regulatory requirements.
  • Enhanced employee awareness of employees against fraud throughout the organization.
  • Increased reporting of potential fraud and other ethical issues. 
  • Enhanced level of corporate governance.

Best Practices for Fraud Risk Management

Organizations don’t need over-the-top processes that add friction instead of reducing it. To reduce fraud, businesses need to reinforce their current models. This can be done using best practices for fraud risk management:

1. Invest in Ideal Technology

The right type of technology can make or break everything. Integrating technologies that help prevent fraud such as online document verification, proof of address verification software, bank verification software, etc.

Technologies like these can help organizations streamline the compliance process. Financial institutions can also verify which customers are real, and which are not.

Being able to clearly see through fraudulent practices is what businesses can do to reduce financial losses through fraud.

2. Build a Risk Insight Culture

Businesses can get instant benefits from risk insights. Risk insights can also improve the management decision-making process. Although, in order to maximize the long-term benefits, businesses need to take a systematic approach. Employees should know about risk awareness and should ensure continuous compliance in the financial process.

3. Understand Your Compliance Capabilities

Strong compliance provides benefits that are hard to measure. Business leaders need to identify their company alongside the level of their compliance capabilities. Knowing the journey helps organizations understand which approach they should take to improve compliance capabilities. 

4. Find Flexible Solutions

The fraud number keeps on increasing on existing channels and new channels. Finance leaders need to strengthen their ability to detect fraud and analytical capabilities.

Financial institutions need to leverage existing data to be able to improve fraud risk management capabilities. Fraud is getting complicated, thus making it vital for businesses to come up with flexible fraud risk management solutions. 

5. Consolidate All Data Sources into a Single Platform

There are thousands of fraud risk detection solutions available in the market. Businesses need to make sure that data captured from all these technologies are kept on a single platform. Consolidated data makes analysis and decision-making easier. 

This also avoids the creation of unnecessary data silos, which leads to instances of fraud.

6. Have an Omnichannel View of Fraud Detection

Organizations need to consider all digital channels if they want to manage risk effectively. An omnichannel approach to fraud risk management can minimizes the risk of a fraudster migrating to another channel after losing access to the first one. 

To be able to do this, businesses need to develop a single central platform to ensure data points and behavioral patterns can be accessed through all channels. 

7. Evaluate Risk Throughout the Customer Journey

The level of risk associated with a transaction should be assessed and handled before the customer reaches the final step of the payment. Risk management leaders must build fraud risk management systems that can assess risk from the beginning of a customer journey. 

This includes analyzing customer behavior, analyzing the use of bots, and scripts, monitoring account login/creation, and defining the risk of the action. They also need to implement ideal obstacles along the journey.

8. Build a Seamless Customer Experience

The risk management approach is different for each organization. No two organizations can follow the same steps and get the same results. A new approach is needed that can integrate fraud detection and customer verification technologies.

The goal of the process should be to eliminate fraud while trying to keep the customer onboarding experience as seamless as possible.

Risk management leaders should focus on streamlining the customer experience, and implementing frictionless customer verification processes.

9. Reduce the Cost of Fraud

When businesses focus on reducing the total cost of fraud instead of the rate of fraud, they are able to come up with better strategies. With this goal in mind, organizations can make informed decisions about how much they need to invest in fraud detection and prevention.

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How to Prevent Account Takeover Fraud?

what is account takeover fraud

Account takeover fraud (ATO) happens when an unauthorized person takes over a normal user bank account. Fraudsters take every measure to try and control an account. Once they have an account under control, fraudsters apply for a new card or change basic account information. In this guide, we’ll be talking about account takeover fraud, and how big of a threat it is for financial service providers.

Most of the time, individuals are the victims of account takeover fraud. Sometimes, fraudsters take over the business and small business accounts as well. Compared to 2019, 2021 saw a 21% increase in account takeover fraud. Out of all types of fraud, three-quarters of cases are account takeover fraud.

Old and New Ways of Account Takeover Fraud

Account takeover fraud is one of the oldest types of fraud. In the past, criminals relied more on manual ways to collect enough knowledge about a victim to access the account and eventually take control. 

They could access this information by going through people’s trash, stealing mail, and bribing or blackmailing. In today’s time, the way of accessing information has changed completely. Cybercrime has become the primary method of acquiring information for account takeover fraud.

Moreover, fraudsters can buy information for dirt cheap from the dark web to allow them to take over financial accounts. 

The dark web has multiple marketplaces that specialize in selling personally identifiable information (names, account numbers, addresses, social security numbers, national IDs, and more). 

As most people reuse their passwords for multiple accounts, it makes it easier for fraudsters to take over multiple accounts at once. 

When fraudsters have access to this much data with ease, they test it out. There are both old-school, and new-age methods to try these techniques. They can use automated tools to mount mass attempts to access these accounts with credentials stuffing. 

There are other ways. According to reports, around 44% of account takeover fraud instances happen using telephone channels. This suggests that call centers are the weak link in the process.

What Do Fraudsters Do With Taken-Over Accounts?

There are multiple parties involved when it comes to fraud. The criminals that commit data breaches to access accounts, are not the same criminals to use the data to determine if it’s usable. When accounts are found that are vulnerable, they’re sold to other fraudsters that actually take over the account. 

When an account is taken over, some fraudsters just want to make quick money. They simply transfer the available amount to some other account. Some fraudsters use these accounts to use them for money laundering.

Other fraudsters play the longer game, they use the account to get as much monetary gain as possible. This is done in several steps:

  • Fraudsters gain long-term control of the account. They change core account information such as an address, mobile number, and date of birth. 
  • Fraudsters issue a new card for the account with the new details (new address, new mobile number, etc).
  • They keep using the account to maximize the funds available.  They increase credit card limits or use the account as a gateway to getting more funds, such as a loan. Once a fraudster has maximized the amount they can obtain before the risk to them becomes too high, they cash out of the account under their control. 

When this happens, it’s extremely difficult for the financial institutions to find the legitimate account holder from the fraudster, or which activity was done by whom.

How do Financial Institutions Handle Account Takeover Fraud?

To stop account takeover fraud from happening, financial institutions need to both prevent it and also detect suspicious activity so they can intervene. This can be done by employing multiple techniques:

1. Strong Customer Authentication

ID authentication is a major part of the account protection process. Several banks and financial institutions pay huge attention to the ID verification process. In the EU, PSD2 regulation is used more for checking a customer’s identity when they make a payment. That’s now all, PSD2 also includes authentication of account holders when they access or use payment accounts.

Any activity on a payment account that increases fraud risk requires strong customer authentication. Financial institutions have multiple methods to verify if the account holder is a legitimate user or not.

To meet the requirement of PSD2, financial institutions have to cover 2-3 categories:

  • Knowledge authentication – Something only the user knows (password, PIN, etc).
  • Possession – Something only the user possesses, such as a token, mobile, card, etc.
  • Inherence – Something that the user himself is (fingerprint, facial recognition, etc).

2. Customer Communications for Confirmation

Once a fraudster has access to an account, it’s not all over. The more details the fraudster may change on the account, the more control they have, but before they make changes the bank has the contact information for the real account holder. 

As well as authenticating customers wanting to make changes. To prevent account takeover fraud, banks can use real-time automated, and two-way communications with their customers to confirm, such actions are needed.

For example, if a change of address is needed, then a text message can be sent to the mobile phone number on record to confirm if this action is legitimate. 

3. Understanding Criminal Networks

Organized crime usually happens on a larger scale. Fraudsters try to take over as many accounts as they can. While this is a threat to financial institutions that have bad defenses, it can also be an opportunity to identify accounts that have been taken over. 

With application fraud, criminals have limited contact information that they can use to manage accounts. They recycle mobile numbers, emails, and addresses using the same contact information for multiple accounts.

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Using AI for Fraud Detection in Banking

al for fraud detection

In 2022 and after, more than 50% of all financial institutions plan to use AI to detect and prevent fraud. The use of artificial intelligence (AI) to detect and prevent fraud is not new. But, the fight has just gotten tougher as fraudsters have derived new methods to combat AI methods.

Especially after the Covid-19 pandemic fraud has become more sophisticated. So it makes sense that financial institutions would want effective AI solutions to detect and prevent fraud.

According to some data, the demand for AI seems more simple than ever:

  • More than 50% of financial institutions’ respondents plan to roll out AI solutions to tackle new cases of fraud.
  • Almost a third of financial institutions plan to invest in newer AI technologies to prevent fraud.

Banking institutions are aware of the downsides of not investing in AI capabilities. Fraud numbers hit an all-time high in 2020, and manual verification methods aren’t enough to combat new types of fraud.

Trying to uncover new types of fraud without using some AI is a heavy burden for analysts. Not just that, but human errors and rule-specific approaches can lead to a higher number of false positives. This leads to a negative impact on the customer journey.

Machine Learning in Banking Fraud Detection

Artificial technologies run on machine learning technologies. Machine learning algorithms are incredibly effective against fraud.

When implemented successfully, machine learning helps in detecting fraud, and uncovering complex financial crimes. They protect businesses from fraud losses and let businesses provide a frictionless experience to legit customers.

If you’re wondering how machine learning algorithms detect fraud, you’re not alone. Machine learning is a teachable system that can automate both front and back-office processes.

Instead of OS, or unchanging protocols, AI can learn from its experiences and evolve according to the situation. Machine learning systems also consider past transactions and also apply these rules to future transactions. 

The more data these systems go through, the more efficient they become in uncovering fraud. AI systems become familiar with techniques used by fraudsters to crack FIs systems. 

Investing in AI software, and machine learning technologies can be a great option for fraud detection and prevention.

Predictive Analysis for Banking Fraud Detection

Before machine learning technologies, there were predictive analysis technologies. While machine learning solutions are more flexible, and have more freedom, predictive analysis still has a firm place in the industry.

Unlike machine learning technologies, in which algorithms are asked to process supplied data without rules and regulations, predictive analysis finds patterns and behaviors. 

This is helpful when it comes to going through large sets of data to predict behaviors. Any activity outside of the predictive behaviors is likely to be considered a red flag. The predictive analysis relies on analyzing behaviors in the past and then converting them into fraud prevention methods today.

Next Steps in Automating Fraud Detecting

Automating fraud detection and prevention is a major challenge. With the focus on including AI in the financial industry, fraud prevention can be increased. Instead of using historical data, predictive analysis prevents fraud from happening.

While AI is not a sure-shot method of fraud prevention, when combined with instant document verification, human elements, it can lead to complete fraud detection. Over time, the inclusion of AI in the financial industry has become a vital part of the strategy.

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Importance of ID Verification for Buy Now Pay Later Providers

Buy Now Pay Later companies

The Buy Now Pay Later (BNPL) sector has seen tremendous growth in the last couple of years. Especially because it gives customers an option to pay for things later that they buy right now. However, the service providers and the sector itself have faced some criticism from consumer interest groups and the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA).

There are huge concerns that consumers could build up large debts by spending more than they can afford to pay back. There’s also a worry that fraudsters could target companies that offer these services to do some fraud.

With the help of stolen identity data, fraudsters can open up accounts and make purchases with no intention of paying back. Moreover, if an organization doesn’t have enough security measures in place, fraudsters can easily rack up huge debts.

With ID theft cases on the rise, customers who have done no harm may be liable to pay amounts that they haven’t used. Having a dark spot on their resume also impacts a user’s ability to secure a loan or mortgage in the future. Even if their identities were stolen, they didn’t go into debt themselves. Because mortgage lenders verify bank statements before approving your loan applications.

FCA’s Review of the BNPL Industry

With this growing concern, FCA evaluated the unsecured credit market in 2022 and is now coming up with regulations that will protect customers and businesses from fraud. 

Unregulated providers will have to comply with regulations set by FCA to continue working. For Buy Now Pay Later startups, protecting themselves and their customers is now one of the biggest concerns. 

That’s not the only thing that BNPL providers have to protect, they also have to protect their reputation. In a new and growing sector, winning the trust of customers is crucial for growth.

To minimize the risk of ID fraud, many companies have to review their operations and make changes to comply with the strict requirements of AML and KYC. This will also mean making greater use of ID verification services. Businesses also need to carry out sophisticated checks every time a user chooses to use the services.

ID verification checks also help Buy Now Pay Later companies to successfully verify customers who may be spending more than they should or customers who may have trouble paying back.

BNPL companies should also look forward to protecting customers and verifying affordability and other factors.

What do BNPL companies need to know about ID verification?

BNPL companies can use ID verification services to check if their customers are who they claim to be. Know your customer checks have to validate a customer’s personal information.

While onboarding a new customer, BNPL companies should conduct KYC checks. The same level of due diligence must be applied when a customer is making a high-value purchase or making changes in their delivery address. 

In these cases, a customer may be asked to provide valid ID proof or to enter a unique code sent to the customer’s email ID.

Why is Identity Verification for BNPL Services Important?

ID fraud makes up around 61% of all fraud cases reported to the UK’s National Fraud Database. ID fraud cases have grown by 32% in the last 5 years. Online banks and sellers are common targets for fraudsters. BNPL companies are also increasingly being targeted by fraudsters.

Common attacks include phishing attacks to obtain users’ log-in details, creating new accounts with stolen payment cards, and account takeover fraud.

This in turn destroys trust in Buy Now Pay Later companies and hurts the growth of the industry. To be able to establish trust in the industry, businesses need to verify ID verification services.

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NeoBanks vs Traditional Banks – What’s the Difference?

Neobanks vs traditional banks

Have you noticed new companies popping out of nowhere, offering great credit cards, bank accounts, and other financial services? Companies with a massive digital footprint, but almost zero physical footprints.

Welcome to the world of digital banking. Digital banking or Neo-Banking is the next natural step that the financial industry will take, at least according to some industry experts.

Every now and then there’s someone who asks what are digital banks, how they operate, and how are Neobanks different from Traditional banks.

The word Neo comes from a Greek word that basically translates to “new.” So, Neobanks is a clever way of saying that this is the new age of banking. Similar to traditional banks, they offer savings accounts, current accounts, loans, money transfers, credit cards, and more.

So what’s the actual difference between the two? That’s what we’ll help you figure out.

Difference Between Neobanks and Traditional Banks

There’s a huge list of similarities between Neobanks and traditional banks, but they’re still fundamentally different. Let’s go over the list of differences between Neobanks and traditional banks.

1. Neobanks have no physical presence

Unlike traditional banks that have branches all over a location, neobanks have no physical locations you can visit. The entire infrastructure is online, and you can handle every setting of your account with an app.

This online-only model helps in saving thousands of dollars on operations costs, and costs that come along with running physical locations.

Traditional banks historically have had a physical presence, and in recent years they’ve started to get into digital banking more deeply. Compared to digital banking services offered by traditional banks, Neobanks’ services are more user-friendly and easy to use.

2. Neobanks are not regulated

While they’re called banks, neobanks are actually financial institutions. The difference between neobanks and traditional banks is that traditional banks need to have banking licenses. Neobanks are not recognized as an official entities by regulatory bodies, and thus they don’t have to follow regulations.

They utilize this saved money to provide better services at a lower cost to customers.

Some neobanks may have partial, full range, or a special banking license. A banking license allows neobanks to offer all kinds of banking services. 

3. Neobanks are more affordable

As neobanks have no physical operations to run, they can save more money, which allows them to be more affordable. They have no opening fees, low maintenance costs, no minimum requirements, no hidden fees, and they offer higher saving interest rates.

Neobanks also tend to be more transparent with their fees upfront. Traditional banks tend to have a lot of hidden charges that consumers may not understand at first.

4. Neobanks offer more flexibility

Compared to traditional banks, every single activity in neobanks is easier to do. Opening up a new account and signing up is far easier than traditional banks. It is also easier to borrow money from a neobank compared to a traditional bank.

Signing up for a credit card, or applying for a loan at a traditional bank means you’ll have to pass a range of checks. 

5. Traditional banks have more services

The biggest difference between a neobank and a traditional bank is the number of services offered. While Neobanks are faster more, user-friendly, and flexible, they often have one or 2 main services. 

Comparatively, traditional banks have a wider reach all thanks to their physical locations. People who don’t yet trust online banking, or haven’t had exposure to online banking services still prefer traditional banking over newer methods. 

6. Traditional banks are more accessible

The popularity of Neobanks has grown tremendously over the years. This is because of those who want the convenience of online banking. At the same time, traditional banks use their old-age methods of maintaining quality relations with their customers.

Neobanks are going through a great phase throughout the world. Millions of customers rely on their services, and industry experts are waiting for the future. Currently, the situation is that more users prefer traditional banks over neobanks as they’re more easily available and more reliable. 

Customers can actually go to a physical office or talk to a representative when they have a grievance. The same can’t be said for a neobank.

Frequently Asked Questions

1. Which bank is better? Neobank or traditional bank?

The better bank depends on your needs. Based on your service requirements, the better bank for you can differ greatly. Neobanks have lower fees, they’re easier to sign up with, and they’re great for tech-savvy people. 

Traditional banks are more reliable, have physical accessibility, and they’re regulated. But they’re more expensive, offer lower interest rates, and more.

2. What are the services of a traditional bank?

The most common traditional banking services include:

  • Providing a savings account
  • Providing a checking account
  • Issuing debit cards
  • Issuing credit cards
  • Wealth management
  • Giving out loans
  • Insurance

3. Which bank is safer, Neobank or a Traditional bank?

It comes down to the level of due diligence an institution has employed. Being more tech-friendly, neobanks generally offer better security. They have simpler onboarding, yet they do ID verification, and KYC checks. 

However, traditional banks have huge infrastructure and years of experience under their belts. Moreover, they have to follow regulations set by regulatory bodies. 

In the end, it comes down to the level of customer due diligence an institution employs.

4. Do Neobanks have banking licenses?

No, most neobanks don’t have a banking license. Although, there are chances that some neobanks may have a partial, full, or special banking license. With these licenses, neobanks can offer services that a traditional bank can, with more focus on user experience, and affordability.